Vector-borne Disease

Vector-borne Disease

Disease in humans carried from another warm-blooded animal by an insect such as a mosquito, tick or sandfly. In 1877 scientists showed for the first time that blood-sucking insects were able to carry disease from one warm-blooded animal to another.  This is called vector-borne disease.  This is called vector-borne disease.

Infectious Diseases Potentially Spread by Global Warming

• Dengue fever
• Malaria
• Yellow fever
• Chickungunya fever
• Epidemic polyarthritis
• West Nile fever
• St. Louis encephalitis
• Lyme disease
• Ehrlichiosis
• Plague
• Loaiasis
• Leishmaniasis
• Kyasanur Forest disease
• La Crosse encephalitis
• Eastern equine encephalitis
• Japanese encephalitis
• Oropouche
• Western equine encephalitis
• Venezuelan equine encephalitis
• Onchocerciasis

The Human Response to Global Warming

•         Housing

•         Air conditioning

•         Pesticides in the environment

•         Bug spray on people

•         Drainage

•         Immunizations

•         Netting

•         Release predator insects and sterile mates

Organisms won’t just move as global warming opens the door for them to enter new niches.  Mankind has an immense capacity to react and will do so.  This response or adaptation is in essence a form of extra-genetic evolution.

Leishmaniasis causes of Global warmig

Leishmaniasis

•         Skin lesion like bump or ulcer

•         Heals spontaneously or smolders for years

•         Destructive changes in nose or throat

•         Disfiguring

•         Other form is visceral leishmaniasis

•         Fever, anemia, weakness, emaciation, enlarged liver, spleen, death

Leishmaniasis is not a commonly heard word in the United States.  It’s not common because it’s not here.  Also, it’s not a pleasant disease.

Leishmaniaisis Transmission

The disease is caused by a parasite which is carried and transmitted by the bite of the sandfly. 

Earthquake! How to live?

1. Furniture stuck with the wall by a cleat or clam before the earthquake.  That can reduce the risk of injury or death from the pressed down furniture or cabinet. 

2. Heavy thing of the self keep right off the bottom from the top.

3. Dangerous objects, such as fire and chemical products should be kept in a safe place.

4. After earthquake occurs, emergency rescue equipment need for rescue and salvation on that urgent situation. Those should keep on the near of hand. Those are hammer,

Axe, saw, pliers, hand globs, helmet, water tank, torch lights, first aid box, etc.

5. The emergency rescue equipment need to collect and save in a box and learn how use them. Immediately those helps you in an emergency.

 

6. The time of the earthquake takes shelter the most secure places in the house. These are sturdy bed, wooden table, below, RCC columns before the start of the earthquake you can marks this shelter.

 7. Dangerous things should be marks which can be causes of accidents on an earthquake. Hanging objects are dangerous things such as, flowerpot, unsteady furniture, fire materials, steels dress in box etc.

 8. Gas and power lines, closing system knows the entire family member.

 9. Write down the telephone number of the non-governmental service organization.

 10. Fire reduced equipment used in buildings is very important and everyone can learn use of it.

 11. On the earthquake makes a safe place or door for emergency exit for your family.

 

Anthrax and Types of Anthrax

Anthrax is caused by a spore forming bacterium name is Bacillus anthracis. Most common in animals, but humans can get the disease too. Other names for the disease are Wool sorter’s Disease and Ragpicker’s Disease. It is aerobic and non-motile usually about 3 microns in diameter.

There are three forms of Anthrax that will affect the human body

ž  Inhalation Anthrax

ž  Cutaneous Anthrax

ž  Gastrointestinal Tract Anthrax

Inhalation Anthrax

You infected by the disease, if the spores enter into the body through the nasal passage. Usually the person will recover if treatment is given right away. Once the patient has entered stage two without treatment it is likely the patient will die.

Symptoms

First stage symptoms include: fever, malaise, headache, cough, shortness of breath, and chest pain.

Second stage symptoms include: fever, Severe shortness of breath, and shock. Most likely followed by death.

Tests That Should Be Done

To see if it really is inhalation anthrax the hospital should run the following tests: chest x-ray, blood cultures, sputum cultures, and a spinal tap. Also you should do a gram stain to better see the results. For identification of Bacillus anthracis through staining, one must observe encapsulated bacilli when using polychrome methelyene-blue stain [Turnbull, 1996]. The typical appearance includes matte appearance, flat, tacky, white or gray white, and non-hemolytic on blood agar.